La thérapie psychanalytique en couple est l’analyse du lien que les partenaires ont construit entre eux. Dès les entretiens préliminaires, des interventions globales sur le fonctionnement du couple et des partenaires doivent permettre une restauration narcissique et proposer à chacun des conjoints un étayage pour « penser le couple ». La thérapie passe par l’élaboration des collusions du couple ; les conjoints l’un par l’autre, l’un avec l’autre, retravaillent dans le cadre thérapeutique leurs deux histoires personnelles qu’ils ont mises en (...) commun dans le secret de leurs collusions inconscientes. Ils passent de la projection de l’objet interne à la reconnaissance de l’objet externe et découvrent la richesse de l’altérité, celle de la fécondité psychique. (shrink)

La thérapie psychanalytique en couple est l’analyse du lien que les partenaires ont construit entre eux. Dès les entretiens préliminaires, des interventions globales sur le fonctionnement du couple et des partenaires doivent permettre une restauration narcissique et proposer à chacun des conjoints un étayage pour « penser le couple ». La thérapie passe par l’élaboration des collusions du couple ; les conjoints l’un par l’autre, l’un avec l’autre, retravaillent dans le cadre thérapeutique leurs deux histoires personnelles qu’ils ont mises en (...) commun dans le secret de leurs collusions inconscientes. Ils passent de la projection de l’objet interne à la reconnaissance de l’objet externe et découvrent la richesse de l’altérité, celle de la fécondité psychique. (shrink)

Résumé À partir de leur expérience d’accueillantes en binôme dans un lieu d’écoute ouvert aux malades du cancer et à leur entourage, les auteurs s’interrogent sur le réveil des relations primaires de l’histoire infantile et la possible reprise de leur élaboration, permettant l’inscription dans une généalogie et ouvrant sur une meilleure transmission. L’article présente le dispositif de cet accueil en insistant sur la spécificité de ce binôme (l’un des deux thérapeutes accueillants a personnellement l’expérience de la maladie) et propose quelques (...) exemples cliniques pour illustrer cette réflexion. (shrink)

Résumé À partir de leur expérience d’accueillantes en binôme dans un lieu d’écoute ouvert aux malades du cancer et à leur entourage, les auteurs s’interrogent sur le réveil des relations primaires de l’histoire infantile et la possible reprise de leur élaboration, permettant l’inscription dans une généalogie et ouvrant sur une meilleure transmission. L’article présente le dispositif de cet accueil en insistant sur la spécificité de ce binôme (l’un des deux thérapeutes accueillants a personnellement l’expérience de la maladie) et propose quelques (...) exemples cliniques pour illustrer cette réflexion. (shrink)

Le handicap transforme la vie du couple et de la famille. La surcharge psychique qu’il implique pour tous les membres de celle-ci et les défenses mises en place révèlent les fragilités du couple et rendent nécessaires un travail d’élaboration, principalement de certaines collusions sur lesquelles s’était construit le couple. La régression de fonctionnement que le traumatisme provoque peut amener le thérapeute à se demander si ce fonctionnement révèle la structure du couple ou s’il est une défense. Ce fut en tout (...) cas l’hypothèse qui a soutenu le travail clinique dans le cas présenté. (shrink)

Dans un premier cas, le travail du contre-transfert en thérapie de couple met au jour les traumatismes mis en résonance dans le choix amoureux et leur élaboration. Deux autres thérapies montrent comment les traumatismes des générations précédentes peuvent être mis en figuration dans l’organisation du couple et être mobilisés dans le transfert.

Ce texte est une petite histoire de la consultation conjugale durant ces cinquante dernières années, avec l’idéologie de ses débuts, les recherches théoriques, cliniques et méthodologique du conseil conjugal. La pression de la demande et son évolution est mise en parallèle avec les recherches cliniques ayant amené à proposer des thérapies de couple. Celles-ci à leur tour nous renseignent sur les difficultés des couples actuels, reflétant l’évolution des valeurs de la société.

La rencontre des consultants et des thérapeutes se fait sur un choc de leurs croyances au couple. Cette question est interrogée à partir des formulations des consultants et des thérapeutes sur le couple, sur leur couple. Elle introduit à ce qu’est un couple pour l’auteur, un organisateur du psychisme, une matrice de subjectivité.

Pour vivre en couple et rester soi, un écart entre les conjoints est nécessaire. La vie actuelle, quand le tiers est peu ou mal intériorisé, permet aux couples de vivre selon des situations sociales différentes – et variables dans le temps. Parmi celles-ci, la non-cohabitation. Un exemple clinique montre les étapes par lesquelles sont passés les conjoints d’un jeune couple au cours de la thérapie, de la vie en groupe à la non-cohabitation. Quand ils se séparent, ce n’est pas pour (...) se séparer, mais pour expérimenter une relation conjugale pouvant les conduire à un couple psychique dans lequel chacun peut se sentir exister. L’article montre comment ces étapes leur ont permis d’approfondir et de transformer leur relation. (shrink)

This chapter defends a pluralistic view of science: the various projects of enquiry that fall under the general rubric of science share neither a methodology nor a subject matter. Ontologically, it is argued that sciences need have nothing in common beyond an antipathy to the supernatural. Epistemically one central virtue is defended, empiricism, meaning just that scientific knowledge must ultimately be answerable to experience. Prima facie science is as diverse as the world it studies; and rejection of this prima facie (...) diversity in favour of a spurious aspiration to unity is grounded in a priori assumption not experience. Disunity, however, does not mean disconnectedness, and the connections between different areas of knowledge are an important theme in the book. (shrink)

From the book: What is to be done with political ecology? Nothing. What is to be done? Political ecology!

We address three fundamental questions: What does it mean for an entity to be living? What is the role of inter-organismic collaboration in evolution? What is a biological individual? Our central argument is that life arises when lineage-forming entities collaborate in metabolism. By conceiving of metabolism as a collaborative process performed by functional wholes, which are associations of a variety of lineage-forming entities, we avoid the standard tension between reproduction and metabolism in discussions of life – a tension particularly evident (...) in discussions of whether viruses are alive. Our perspective assumes no sharp distinction between life and non-life, and does not equate life exclusively with cellular or organismal status. We reach this conclusion through an analysis of the capabilities of a spectrum of biological entities, in which we include the pivotal case of viruses as well as prions, plasmids, organelles, intracellular and extracellular symbionts, unicellular and multicellular life-forms. The usual criterion for classifying many of the entities of our continuum as non-living is autonomy. This emphasis on autonomy is problematic, however, because even paradigmatic biological individuals, such as large animals, are dependent on symbiotic associations with many other organisms. These composite individuals constitute the metabolic wholes on which selection acts. Finally, our account treats cooperation and competition not as polar opposites but as points on a continuum of collaboration. We suggest that competitive relations are a transitional state, with multi-lineage metabolic wholes eventually outcompeting selfish competitors, and that this process sometimes leads to the emergence of new types or levels of wholes. Our view of life as a continuum of variably structured collaborative systems leaves open the possibility that a variety of forms of organized matter – from chemical systems to ecosystems – might be usefully understood as living entities. (shrink)

Concepts for sustainable bioeconomy systems are gradually replacing the ones on linear product chains. The reason is that continuously expanding linear chain activities are considered to contribute to climate change, reduced biodiversity, over-exploitation of resources, food insecurity, and the double burden of disease. Are sustainable bioeconomy systems a guarantee for a healthy planet? If yes, why, when, and how? In literature, different sustainability indicators have been presented to shed light on this complicated question. Due to high degrees of complexity and (...) interactions of actors in bioeconomy systems, trade-offs and non-linear outcomes became apparent. This fueled the debates about the normative dimensions of the bioeconomy. In particular, the behavior of actors and the utilization of products do not seem to be harmonized according to the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability. Potential conflicts require a new conceptual framework that is here introduced. It consists of a ‘sustainability’ cylinder captured between an inner-cylinder, representing order, and an outer-cylinder for chaos, based on the laws of physics and complex adaptive systems. Such a framework permits (bioeconomy) systems to propagate in the sustainability zone only if they follow helical pathways serving as the new norms. Helices are a combination of two sinusoidal patterns. The first represents here the sustainable behavior of interacting actors and the second the balanced usage of resources and products. The latter counteracts current growth discourses. The applicability of the conceptual cylinder framework is positively verified via 9 cases in Europe, which encompass social-organizational and product-technological innovations. –. (shrink)

Increasing privacy concerns are arising from expanding use of aggregated personal information in health practices. Conversely, in light of the promising benefits of data driven healthcare, privacy...

The term “emotional practices” is gaining currency in the historical study of emotions. This essay discusses the theoretical and methodological implications of this concept. A definition of emotion informed by practice theory promises to bridge persistent dichotomies with which historians of emotion grapple, such as body and mind, structure and agency, as well as expression and experience. Practice theory emphasizes the importance of habituation and social context and is thus consistent with, and could enrich, psychological models of situated, distributed, and (...) embodied cognition and their approaches to the study of emotion.It is suggested here that practices not only generate emotions, but that emotions themselves can be viewed as a practical engagement with the world. Conceiving of emotions as practices means understanding them as emerging from bodily dispositions conditioned by a social context, which always has cultural and historical specificity. Emotion-as-practice is bound up with and dependent on “emotional practices,” defined here as practices involving the self , language, material artifacts, the environment, and other people. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, the essay emphasizes that the body is not a static, timeless, universal foundation that produces ahistorical emotional arousal, but is itself socially situated, adaptive, trained, plastic, and thus historical. Four kinds of emotional practices that make use of the capacities of a body trained by specific social settings and power relations are sketched out—mobilizing, naming, communicating, and regulating emotion—as are consequences for method in historical research. (shrink)

Xenotransplantation pits clinical research ethics against public health needs because recipients must undergo long-term, perhaps life-long, surveillance for infectious diseases. This surveillance requirement is effectively an abrogation of the right to withdraw from a clinical trial. Ulysses contracts, which are advance directives for future care, may be an ethical mechanism by which to balance public health needs against limitation of individual rights.

Xenotransplantation is defined as “any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion into a human recipient of either live cells, tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex vivo contact with live nonhuman animal cells, tissues, or organs.” Xenotransplantation has been viewed by desperate patients and their surgeons as a solution to the problem of the paucity of human organs available for transplantation. Foes of xenotransplantation argue that (...) the use of animal organs degrades the human race and should be avoided.In this paper, we briefly review the cultural context of xenotransplantation and explore the infectious disease risk of xenotransplantation. The United States Code of Federal Regulations requires life-long surveillance of a xenotransplantation recipient due to the largely unknown risk of novel infectious disease transmitted across species, known as xenogeneic infectious disease. We argue that despite being in the interest of protecting the public health, the imposition of lifelong surveillance requirements on xenotransplant recipients effectively abrogates the right to withdraw from a clinical trial after the transplantation has taken place. Moreover, we argue that a waiver of the right to withdraw should be made explicit in the interest of full disclosure, out of respect for the research subject’s right of self-determination. (shrink)

In this book Bruno Latour brings together these different approaches to provide a lively and challenging analysis of science, demonstrating how social context..

This paper attacks the perennial philosophical and scientific quest for a simple and unified vision of the world. Without denying the attraction of this vision, I argue that such a goal often seriously distorts our understanding of complex phenomena. The argument is illustrated with reference to simplistic attempts to provide extremely general views of biology, and especially of human nature, through the theory of evolution. Although that theory is a fundamental ingredient of our scientific world view, it provides only one (...) of a number of perspectives that are required for an understanding of biology in general, and human behaviour in paticular. The argument is connected to the replacement of views of science in terms of universal laws with views that emphasise ranges of models more locally suited to specific phenomena. (shrink)

In the present research we investigated gender-specific beliefs about emotional behaviour. In Study 1, 180 respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with different types of beliefs (prescriptive, descriptive, stereotypical, and contra-stereotypical) regarding the emotional behaviour of men and women. As anticipated, respondents agreed more with descriptive than with prescriptive beliefs, and more with stereotypical than with contra-stereotypical beliefs. However, respondents agreed more with stereotypical beliefs about the emotional behaviour of women than with those about men. These results were (...) replicated in Study 2 with a sample of 75 students and 80 nonstudents. In Study 3, a sample of 279 respondents rated the extent of agreement with the same items, this time with respect to then own emotional behaviour. A similar pattern of results was obtained, although agreement rates were higher than in Study 1 and 2. (shrink)

This collection of essays explores the metaphysical thesis that the living world is not made up of substantial particles or things, as has often been assumed, but is rather constituted by processes. The biological domain is organised as an interdependent hierarchy of processes, which are stabilised and actively maintained at different timescales. Even entities that intuitively appear to be paradigms of things, such as organisms, are actually better understood as processes. Unlike previous attempts to articulate processual views of biology, which (...) have tended to use Alfred North Whitehead’s panpsychist metaphysics as a foundation, this book takes a naturalistic approach to metaphysics. It submits that the main motivations for replacing an ontology of substances with one of processes are to be found in the empirical findings of science. Biology provides compelling reasons for thinking that the living realm is fundamentally dynamic, and that the existence of things is always conditional on the existence of processes. The phenomenon of life cries out for theories that prioritise processes over things, and it suggests that the central explanandum of biology is not change but rather stability, or more precisely, stability attained through constant change. This edited volume brings together philosophers of science and metaphysicians interested in exploring the consequences of a processual philosophy of biology. The contributors draw on an extremely wide range of biological case studies, and employ a process perspective to cast new light on a number of traditional philosophical problems, such as identity, persistence, and individuality. (shrink)

Latour is a world famous and widely published French sociologist who has written with great eloquence and perception about the relationship between people, science, and technology. He is also closely associated with the school of thought known as Actor Network Theory. In this book he sets out for the first time in one place his own ideas about Actor Network Theory and its relevance to management and organization theory.

This book is a collection of essays by a leading philosopher of biology and spans his career over almost the last twenty years. Most of the topics that have been of concern to philosophers of biology in this period are touched on to some extent, and the collection of these essays in a convenient volume will certainly be welcomed by everyone working in this field. The essays are arranged chronologically, and divided into three sections. Although the chapters in the first (...) section have substantial interconnections, being involved with fundamental conceptual issues in evolutionary theory, on the whole there is not much attempt to tie the book into anything more than a sequence of independent essays. The later sections, moreover, cover a quite diverse range of topics. The whole is neither more nor less than the sum of the parts. For. (shrink)

In an earlier paper (Dupré 1984), I criticized a thesis sometimes defended by theorists of probabilistic causality, namely, that a probabilistic cause must raise the probability of its effect in every possible set of causally relevant background conditions (the "contextual unanimity thesis"). I also suggested that a more promising analysis of probabilistic causality might be sought in terms of statistical relevance in a fair sample. Ellery Eells (1987) has defended the contextual unanimity thesis against my objections, and also raised (...) objections of his own to my positive claims. In this paper I defend and amplify both my objections to the contextual unanimity thesis and my constructive suggestion. (shrink)

A summation of the work of one of the most influential and provocative interpreters of science, it aims at saving what is good and valuable in modernity and ...

Surrealism in North Africa and Western Asia : crossings and encounters -- Multiple surrealisms -- Surrealist encounters.